Solid-state amorphization of crystalline rebamipide (RBM) was realized by ball milling and spray drying. The amorphous content of samples milled for various time was quantified using X-ray powder diffraction. Crystalline RBM and three amorphous RBM obtained by milling and spray drying were character …
Read OnThe estimated marginal means of Factor A, i.e., mass ratio of milling ball to cellulose pulp, and its profile plot are shown in Table 5 and Fig. 2, respectively. The results disclose that the percentage of CNFs increased when the mass ratio of milling ball to cellulose pulp increased from 40% (level 1) to 60% (level 2) and finally to 80% (level 3).
Read OnFTIR analysis is a very useful technique to monitor structural changes undergone by cellulose during chemical and mechanical treatments (Avella et al., 2007, Avella et al., 2008, Princi et al., 2006).Fig. 1 shows normalized ATR-FTIR spectra of neat cellulose and cellulose ball milled at different milling time in those regions in which relevant changes in the spectra were …
Read OnCellulose samples with initially different crystal structures (cellulose I and II) have been found to yield virtually the same amorphous X-ray scattering curves after extensive ball milling (Maier ...
Read OnAbstract This study investigated the characteristics of cellulose Avicel PH-101 (NPA) and Avicel samples treated by either ball milling (BMA) or ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (ILA), which alter cellulose structural properties specifically and, consequently, affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of these materials differently. All materials were submitted to 48 h …
Read OnBall milling: a green technology for the preparation and functionalisation of nanocellulose derivatives Carmen C. Piras, a Susana Fernandez-Prieto´ b and Wim M. De Borggraeve *a Ball milling is a simple, fast, cost-effective green technology with enormous potential.
Read OnSamples of ball milled cellulose were prepared by ball milling pulps from eucalyptus and softwood (spruce/pine). Water sorption isotherms were obtained by both …
Read OnBall milling extended to 45 min reduced the aspect ratio of the fragments to generate particles with a diameter of about 50 μm (Fig. 2c). However, some large particles remain in sample BMC-45, suggesting the inhomogeneity of cellulose fiber particles after ball milling.
Read OnAll data were examined based on three to four different measurement values and standard deviation. Metric data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey–Kramer's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Results Changes in the physicochemical properties in the amorphization process of atorvastatin by ball ...
Read On63 0.53 to 0.15, but are not sufficient to achieve total amorphization. Schenzel and co-workers 64 (Schenzel et al., 2005) obtained a totally amorphous cellulose after 30 hours of milling, and 65 mixed amorphous and un-milled cellulose to …
Read OnEthanol can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass with the usage of ball milling pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. …
Read Oncellulose oleic acid via ball milling, and the state of different COEs was controlled by the reaction conditions. As seen in Fig. S4, the obtained S300-T4, S300-T6, and S400-T2 were grey powder because the rotational speed was too low or the reaction time was too short to meet the satisfactory mechanochemical esterification. When the
Read OnThe main problem of using ball milling for the amorphization of cellulose is the high cost of this process, estimated at $ 10–15 per kg. In addition, the obtained amorphized cellulose has an unstable phase state and recrystallizes in a humid atmosphere or aqueous medium [ 36 ].
Read OnThe main problem of using ball milling for the amorphization of cellulose is the high cost of this process, estimated at $10-15 per kg. ... The NC samples obtained from direct ball milling and ...
Read OnDSC). Typically, 10 mg of sample was placed in an alumina pan under dry N. 2. flow (100 mL/min) and heated at a rate of 10 °C/min to 1000 °C. Before TGA measurements, all samples were degased thoroughly under vacuum (< 1 mbar) at 150 °C for 5 hours. Table S3: Decomposition temperatures of a. m. Milling Time/min ZIF-8 milled for different times.
Read OnAmorphization of metallic titanium by ball milling was presented. With the introduction of continuous pickup of impurities, hexagonally close-packed (hcp) titanium transformed gradually into an amorphous phase without experiencing any intermediate stage of forming a detectable metastable compound phase. The crystallization temperature of the obtained Ti metal glassy …
Read OnThe amorphization process by mechanical alloying in the Fe-Si alloy system has been studied. High energy ball milling has been applied for alloys synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to monitor the structural and phase transformations through the …
Read OnParticle size distribution. The size of the cellulose particles was reduced by media milling (Fig. 1).The particle size distribution (by volume and number) of UC and 4% MC for different milling ...
Read OnBall milling is a simple, fast, cost-effective green technology with enormous potential. One of the most interesting applications of this technology in the field of cellulose is the preparation and the chemical modification of cellulose …
Read OnA multitechnique approach to assess the effect of ball, Jan 04, 2012· As an effect of the cellulose amorphization, the amount of absorbed water of cellulose conditioned at 25 °C and 50% RH increases with increasing the milling time, varying from 73 wt% for untreated cellulose up to 116 wt% for the cellulose sample ball milled for 60 min This behaviour confirmed that water can be …
Read OnProduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose has been expected for a long time, but most catalytic systems generally give low yield and selectivity due to the difficulty of balancing cellulose deconstruction with the uncontrollable degradation of the target product under harsh conditions. Here we show that the ball milling pretreatment could markedly facilitate the …
Read OnMechanical milling; Nanomaterials Feb 3,, This review is a systematic view of the basic concept of mechanical milling, historical view and appli-, The synthesis of materials by high energy ball milling of, time for 'Solid State Amorphization' (SSA) with two more.
Read OnThe structural changes of crystalline atorvastatin upon high-energy ball milling at room temperature have been studied. The study investigates the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) polymeric matrix on stabilizing amorphous atorvastatin before and after storage under ambient and elevated humidity conditions. The …
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